A biopsy is a procedure performed by a physician or surgeon. Your physician will remove a sample of tissue for examination to determine if the tissue cells are benign (normal), atypical (abnormal), or cancerous. The specimen is often sent to a lab and examined by a pathologist under a microscope. Most biopsies are done under local anesthetic or without any numbing medicine, in the physician's office at the time of the examination.
Dermoscopy uses an instrument known as a dermatoscope to provide magnified visualization of moles and skin lesions. This technique allows for improvement in the correct diagnosis of benign lesions and melanomas as compared to examination by the naked eye.
Mole mapping is an extremely helpful diagnostic technique used to help determine if a mole (growth) is potentially atypical or suspicious in need of further treatment. People who have an above average number of moles on their body (over 50) should have their physician regularly examine their body for changes to existing moles or potential new growths that might otherwise go unnoticed.
Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a new non-surgical alternative to skin biopsy. The laser-assisted imaging device can deliver cellular level detailed black and white images that allow diagnosis of melanomas with 95% sensitivity and 86% specificity. A dermatoscopic image is correlated with the confocal image for a more powerful analysis. The RCM image is completely different from a light microscopic image, and the technology is creating a new branch of dermatopathology.
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